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What controls the speed of a brushless DC gear motor?

Update:08-03-2023
Summary:...
The speed of a brushless DC gear motor is controlled by adjusting the voltage and/or the frequency of the electrical power supplied to the motor. This is typically done using a motor controller or speed controller, which adjusts the electrical signals sent to the motor based on feedback from sensors that monitor the motor's speed and other operating parameters.
The motor controller adjusts the electrical signals to the motor in order to maintain a desired speed, torque, or power output, depending on the specific application. By increasing or decreasing the voltage and/or frequency of the power supplied to the motor, the controller can adjust the speed of the motor within a certain range.
In addition to the electrical control, the mechanical design of the motor also plays a role in determining its speed. The gear ratio of the motor's gearbox, for example, can be used to increase or decrease the motor's speed relative to the output shaft. The specific design of the motor's rotor and stator, as well as the type and quality of the materials used in the motor's construction, can also affect its speed and performance.