Summary:...
a. Power Transistors: These are usually MOSFETs and IGBTs that can withstand high voltages (matching the requirements of the engine). Most household appliances use motors that can produce 3/8 horsepower (1HP = 734 W). Therefore, the typical applied current value is 10A. High-voltage systems usually (> 350 V) use IGBTs.
brushless DC gear motorb. MOSFET/IGBT driver: Generally speaking, it is a group of MOSFET or IGBT drivers. That is, you can choose between three "half-bridge" drivers or three-phase drivers. These solutions must be able to handle the back electromotive force (EMF) from the motor that is twice the motor voltage. In addition, these drivers should provide pass time and switch control to protect the power transistor, ensuring that the top transistor is turned off before the bottom transistor is turned on.
c. Feedback component/control: In the servo control system, the engineer should design some kind of feedback component. Examples include optical sensors, Hall-effect sensors, tachometers, and the lowest cost sensorless back electromotive force sensing. Various feedback methods are very useful, depending on the required accuracy, speed, and torque. Many consumer applications generally seek to utilize back-EMF sensorless technology.
d. Analog-to-digital converter: In many cases, in order to convert an analog signal into a digital signal, it is necessary to design an analog-to-digital converter, which can send the digital signal to the single-chip system.
e. Single-chip microcomputer: All closed-loop control systems (almost all brushless DC motors are closed-loop control systems) need a single-chip microcomputer. The MCU is responsible for servo loop control calculations, correction of PID control and sensor management. These digital controllers are usually 16-bit, but uncomplicated applications can use 8-bit controllers.
Analog power supply/regulator/reference. In addition to the above components, many systems include power supplies, voltage regulators, voltage converters, and other analog devices such as monitors, LDOs, DC-to-DC converters, and operational amplifiers.
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